Vertical opposed cylinder internal combustion engine



J. L. BOGERT Dec. 12, 1933.

VERTICAL OPPOSED CYLINDER INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Original Filed 001;. 11, 1926 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 Dec. 12, 1933. J. L. BOGERT 1,939,036

VERTICAL OPPOSED CYLINDER INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Original Filed 001;. 11, 1926 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVE OR MW Dec. 12, 1933. J L, BOGERT 1,939,036

VERTICAL OPPOSED CYLINDER INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Original Filed Oct. 11, 1926 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Patented Dec. 12, 1933 Q r UNlTED STATE-S PATENT OFFICE- VERTICAL OPPOSED CYLINDER INTERNAL COIVIBUSTION ENGINE John Lawrence Bogert, Brooklyn, N. Y.

' Original application October 11, 1926, Serial No. 140,852. Divided and this application June 13, 1929. Serial No. 371,026

8 Claims. (Cl. 123-197) My invention relates to improvements in verturning effect, no power-producing piston uses tical internal combustion engines where powerboth its upper and its lower face in the developproducing pistons reciprocate in a vertical or merit of power. substantially vertical direction, in contradis- In a previous patent application 65,156, filed tinction to horizontal internal combustion en- October 27th, 1925, forImproved internal com- 60 gines where power-producing pistons reciprobustion marine engines I have set forth and fully cate in a horizontal or substantially horizontal elucidated the prejudicial effect of the weight direction; and the objects of my improvements, of the reciprocating parts in all vertical singlefirst, an engine in which it is possible/to have acting engines of the steam-hammer type,-

- 19 each individual connecting-rod transmit to its which prejudicial effect increases with the in- 65 crank as much power while moving upward as crease in thediameter of the pistons.

while moving downward, thereby eliminating a In the case of double-acting vertical internalserious difference in the torque developed by combustion engines of the steam-hammer type the same; second, increased power for a given this prejudicial effect is so pronounced as to length of engine; third, reduced bearing friction; materially alter the stresses transmitted to the 70 and fourth, increased facility for the withdrawal cranks onup and down strokes respectively. A

of the pistons. double-acting Z-cycle vertical internal combus- This application was originally a part of an tion engine of the steam hammer type whose outapplication filed October 11, '1926, whose serial put is as much as 700 to 800 horse-power per 20 number is 140,852, and which application is now cylinder may transmitfivetimes as much power 75 pending. to the crank-shaft during down strokes as dur- I attain the first of these objects by providing ing up strokes. t is evident that such engines mechanism wherein and whereby all upwardare uneconomical from a structural point of acting power strokes shall exceed in force all view, since each crank of the crank-shaft must downward-acting power strokes by an amount be strong enough to transmit the maximum so equal approximately to twice the power required stress to which it may be subjected, and econotoraise the weight of the reciprocating parts my of material will be secured by reducing all through the vertical height of their reciprocatsources of fluctuating torque. ing paths. Thus if p is the mean piston load I claim broadly to be the first to discover and I ,30 during ip-strokes, and p is the mean piston point out the important difference between the 85 load during down-strokes, p must exceed p power transmitted to the cranks of a double-actby an amount equal to 2w Where w is the presing, vertical, steam-hammer type of engine dursure on a crank-pin due to the weight of all the ing the up and down strokes, and to have pointed parts that reciprocate up and down conjointly 'out in this patent application how to design and with the connecting-rod. Since'if'p'w equals construct an engine in which, though vertical, no .90

12" plus w, p exceeds 1)". by 2w. It is obvious such inequality need exist. that since the force developed by the piston in I attain this desired end by means of the mechany cylinder'depends upon the product of the anism shown in the accompanying drawings. pressure by the area of the piston multiplied by Similar numerals refer to similar parts in the sev- 40 the stroke, if the pressure and stroke remain eral drawings.

constant the area acted on by the pressure du'r- Fig. 1 shows a vertical transverse sectional eleing up strokes must exceed the area acted on by vation of two opposed cylinders of a one or more the pressure during down strokes. crank engine unit embodying my improvements I attain the second and third of my objects when the cylinders are slightly inclined to the by employing a swinging beam construction vertical transversely, so that the center of grav- 100 which serves to transmit the upward thrust of a ity of the engine may be near to the vertical lonpower-producing piston together with the downgitudinal plane through the axis of the crankward thrust of a power-producing piston to the shaft. V same crank-pin through a connecting-rod. Fig. 2 is a plan view that shows the swinging I tt t fourth of myobjects by employbeam which is a fundamentalpart of my im- 105 ing open end cylinders and trunk, pistons in D V engine n u i and 'fi y in place of closed cylinders and double-acting piswhich the pow producing Cylinders y be a tons. So that, while my improved engines are tached to the framing and the same c'onnectedto true double-acting engines in which all power the fulcrum shaft round which the beam swings strokes, whether up or down, may be of equal up and down which the engine is in operation. i

two lower cylinders.

the upper piston, but in any event should be sufiiciently larger to overcome the disturbing efiect of the weight of the reciprocating partsin rendering the power transmitted to the crank-shaft during up and down strokes unequal.

Fig. 9 is a plan view of the swinging beam. Fig. 10 is a horizontal section through the ports of the upper single cylinder, while Fig. 11 is a horizontal section through the ports of the 1 is an upper cylinder, 2 an upper cylinder-head and 3 an upper piston. 4 is an upper piston link swivelling on a suitable wrist-pin attached to the upper piston 3, andswivellingly attached to a suitable pin 15 on the outer end of the swinging beam 13 whose function is to transmit the alternate up and downv forces of its attached pistons to the crank-shaft thru a connecting-rod l7. 5 is a lower cylinder, 6 a lower cylinder-head and '7 a lower piston. 8 is a lower piston link swivelling on a suitable wrist-pin attached to the lower piston '7, and swivellingly attached to the above mentioned pin 15 on the out-end of swinging beam 13. 9 is a clamp which binds the bearing surfaces at the lower end of piston link 4 and at the upper end of piston link 8 to the swinging beam pin 15 round which they swivel. Figs. 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 more clearly show the details of the mechanism by which the upper piston link 4 and the lower piston link 8 are swivellingly connected to swinging beam pin 15. Because pin 15.moves in a circular arc while pistons 3 and '7 move in a straight line, it is essential that provision be made for the swinging motion of the links 4 and 8 which transmit the thrusts of their respective pistons 3 and '7. The function of clamp 9 is to permit the slight swinging motion of these links which is necessary, while preventing any backlash or looseness ofIconnection between pin 15 and the bearing surfaces formed on the ends of these links which engage with the same.

It is not absolutely necessary to use a single lower piston of larger diameter than the upper one, since two pistons below might be employed in twin open-end cylinders whose combined area exceeds the area of the upper piston'by the desired amount. Fig. 8 shows this modification, and Figs. 9, 10 and 11 serve to make the necessary details of construction more clear. 1

12 is a tie-rod which connects the upper and lower cylinder or cylinders together in conjunction with framing 2'7. 13 is the swinging beam shown in, the drawings constructed with right and left-hand members united together by means of pins15 and 16 and stay 11. The spreading of the right-and left. hand members of swingingbeam 13 where bearings 10 engage fulcrum shaft 14 is to prevent fore and aft motion of beam 13 when the ship is pitching at-sea. Fulcrum shaft 14 is firmly secured at their junction to framing 23 and 26. Framing 23, 24 and 25 constitute a triangular structure which serves to bind the fulcrurn shaft 14 to the upper end of the lower cylinder or cylinders and both these to the back of bed-plate 22. Beam pin 16 carries connectingrod 17 whose lower end engages with crank-pin 13 of crank-shaft 20. 27 is the framing that secures the lower cylinder or cylinders 5 to the bedplate 22 and insures the alignment of the upper and lower cylinders. Framing 26 serves to tie the. upper cylinder to fulcrum shaft 14. The drawings show engines fitted with 2-cycle cylinders, having the usual admission or scavenging ports as well as exhaust ports opening into the cylinders thru their liners, said ports being uncovered by the pistons during their outward movement near the end of their outward strokes. 23 is the upper exhaust manifold, 29 the lower exhaust manifold, 31 the scavenging air trunk for both upper and lower cylinders, 32 a branch pipe from the scavenging air trunk to the lower cylinder and 33 a branch pipe from the scavenging air trunk to the upper cylinder. 34 and 35 7 are supplemental or supercharging air trunks and 36 and 37 are the branch pipes through which this and 6.

Many of the details that are well known and common to all internal combustion engines are omitted in the drawings to prevent complexity.

I claim: 7

1. A vertical opposed cylinder internal combustion engine in which the power producing pistons of single-acting 2-cycle cylinders reciprocate together in pairs in the same substantially vertical direction, the lower ones developing power during every up stroke and the upper ones during every down stroke, the lower pistons having the same stroke but greater area than the upper Ones, in combination with mechanism for turning reciprocating motion into rotary motion substantially as represented and for the purpose set forth.

. 2. A vertical opposed cylinder internal combustion engine in which the power producing pistons of single-acting 2-cycle cylinders reciprocate together in pairs in the same substantially vertical direction, the lower ones developing power during every up-stroke and the upper ones during every down stroke, the lower pistons having greater area than the upper, the piston links of each pair of pistons swivellingly engaging with a common pin on a swinging beam which thru a connecting-rod which engages with a crank of a crank-shaft transmutes reciprocating motion into rotary motion, substantially as represented and for the purpose set forth.

3.'A vertical opposed cylinder internal combustion engine in which power producing pistons reciprocate together in pairs in the same substantially vertical direction, the lower ones developing their power only during up strokes and the upper ones only during down strokes, the lower pistons having greater area than the upper ones, the piston links of both pistons of each pair being swivellingly connected to a common pin on a swinging beam which transmutes reciprocating motion into rotary motion thru a connecting rod which engages with a crank of a crank-shaft, substantially as represented and for the purpose set forth.

4. A vertical opposed cylinder internal combustion engine in which power producing pistons reciprocate together in pairs inthe same substantially vertical direction,the lower ones developing their power only during up-strokes and the upper ones only during'down strokes, the lower pistons having greater area than the upper ones, the outerends of the piston links of eachpair of pistons being swivellingly clamped together round a common pin on a swinging beam which transmutes reciprocating motion into rotary motion thru a connecting-rod which engages with a crank of a crank-shaft substantially as represented and for the purpose set forth.

5. A vertical opposed cylinder internal combustion engine in which each upper cylinder is opposed from below by two cylinders, all three of whose power producing pistons reciprocate together in a substantially Vertical direction, the lower ones developing their power only during upstrokes and the upper only during down strokes, the two lower pistons in each set of three having the same stroke as the upper one but jointly a greater area, in combination with mechanism for turning reciprocating motion into rotary motion substantially as represented and for the purpose set forth.

6. A vertical opposed cylinder internal combustion engine in which a single-acting 2-cycle cylinder is opposed from below by two single-acting 2-cycle cylinders, the pistons of all three cylinders reciprocating together in the same substantially vertical direction, the lower ones developing their power only during up-strokes and the upper only during down strokes, the sum of the areas of the two lower pistons exceeding the area of the upper one, all three pistons being swivellingly connected by links to a common pin on a swinging beam which transmutes reciprocating into rotary motion thru a connecting-rod which engages with a crank of a crank-shaft substantially as represented and for the purpose set forth.

7. A vertical opposed cylinder internal combustion engine comprising an upper cylinder closed at its upper end by a suitable cylinder-head equipped with the necessary valves and valve-gearing, and containing a reciprocating piston whose piston link is swivellingly attached to a pin carried on the outer end of a swinging beam which oscillates up and down round a fulcrum and transmits rotary motion to a crank-shaft thru a connecting-rod, in combination with a lower cylinder closed at its lower end by a suitable cylinder-head equipped with the necessary valves and valve gearing, and containing a reciprocating piston whose piston link is swivellingly attached to the same outer pin on the outer end of said swinging beam, the area of the lower piston exceeding thearea of the upper and both pistons reciprocating together in the same substantially vertical direction, the whole mechanism being mounted on suitable framing attached to a bed-plate equipped with the necessary bearings for said crank-shaft, which is fitted with mechanism for operating the various valves and functional details substantially as represented and for the purpose set forth.

8. A vertical opposed cylinder internal combustion engine comprising an upper single-acting cylinder closed at its upper end by a suitable cylinder-head equipped with the necessary valves and valve, gearing; and containing a reciprocating piston whose piston link is swivellingly attached to a pin carried on the outer end of a swinging beam which oscillates up and down round a fulcrum and transmits rotary motion to a crankshaft mounted in suitable bearings in a bed plate thru a connecting-rod, in combination with a pair of lower single-acting cylinders whose lower ends are closed by suitable cylinder-heads equipped with the necessary valves and valvegearing, and containing reciprocating pistons whose piston links are swivellingly attached to the same outer pin on the outer end of said swinging beam, the sum of the areas of the two lower pistons exceeding the area of the upper one, and all three pistons reciprocating together in the same substantially vertical direction, the whole mechanism being mounted on suitable framing attached to said bed-plate together with suitable mechanism for operating the various valves and functional details substantially as represented and for the purpose set forth. 

